The Three Gunas and the A–B–C of Addiction

Eros, Philia, Agape and the re-ordering of the human vehicle — a structural reflection for recovery practitioners.

Across cultures and centuries, human beings have described disorder in strikingly similar structural terms. This paper offers a professional, practice-facing synthesis that brings three triads into a single coherent frame: the Three Gunas of classical Hindu thought (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas); the Greek distinctions of love (Eros, Philia, Agape); and the tripartite description of addiction in Alcoholics Anonymous (p.60), where the problem is presented as physical, mental, and spiritual. The aim is not to merge traditions or to claim doctrinal equivalence. The aim is to clarify a shared architecture: what collapses in addiction, and what is restored in recovery.

The AA text is unusually precise in its anthropology. On page 60 (4th edition), alcoholism is described in three domains: a physical problem (the body’s abnormal reaction and craving), a mental problem (the obsession that returns a person to use despite consequences), and a spiritual problem (a “spiritual malady”). Whatever one’s metaphysical commitments, the structure is plain. Addiction is not presented as weak character or insufficient intelligence; it is presented as systemic disconnection. The body pulls. The mind returns. The spirit is displaced. The human vehicle fragments.

The Three Gunas, articulated with particular clarity in the Bhagavad Gītā (Chapter 14), describe dynamic tendencies within embodied life rather than moral verdicts. Sattva names clarity, harmony, and luminosity. Rajas names drive, restless motion, passion, and appetite. Tamas names inertia, heaviness, obscuration, and collapse. The Gunas are always interwoven; health is not the elimination of Rajas or Tamas, but balance under right governance. When Rajas dominates, agitation and craving intensify. When Tamas dominates, denial, paralysis, and despair thicken. When Sattva governs, discernment returns and proportion is restored. In lived addiction, the oscillation between restless drive and exhausted collapse is familiar: a Rajasic–Tamasic loop, with Sattvic clarity no longer governing the whole.

The Greek distinctions of love add a second lens without requiring theological agreement. Eros names appetitive desire, attraction, and life-force. Philia names relational bonding, shared meaning, and social cohesion. Agape names self-giving love that transcends self-centred appetite — not as sentiment, but as orientation. Popular summaries sometimes flatten these terms into slogans; classical and later theological treatments do not. Eros is not inherently corrupt. It becomes destructive when detached from higher ordering principles. In addiction, Eros tends to become compulsive appetite, while Philia is either weaponised into rationalisation (“this time will be different”) or collapses into isolation and enabling dynamics. Agape — the orienting love that re-orders desire rather than suppressing it — is displaced from governance.

At this point a structural resonance becomes visible. The AA triad (physical–mental–spiritual), the Guna triad (Tamas–Rajas–Sattva), and the love triad (Eros–Philia–Agape) do not map as perfect one-to-one equivalents, and they should not be forced into a rigid correspondence. Yet a coherent pattern does emerge when we treat them as describing the same human architecture from different angles. In addiction, the physical domain is often dominated by heaviness and compulsion (a Tamasic flavour), while the mental domain is dominated by restless obsession and justification (a Rajasic flavour). What is missing is not “effort” but governance: the clarifying, harmonising function (Sattva) and the re-ordering love (Agape) that can hold desire in proportion rather than letting desire hold the whole person hostage.

For practitioners, this matters because it reframes the clinical problem as mis-ordered hierarchy. Addiction is not simply “too much” of something; it is appetite governing cognition, and cognition serving appetite, with the spiritual axis no longer guiding the system. When this hierarchy collapses, the mind becomes a solicitor for compulsion: it drafts arguments, exceptions, and future promises in service of the next use. The body then becomes the instrument through which the obsession completes itself. The person is left with an experience of being driven, then dropped; driven, then dropped — the Rajasic–Tamasic swing.

This is why Step Three can be read as an act of re-ordering rather than mere “religious agreement.” Step Three states: Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. Interpreted clinically, Step Three is consent to restored governance: the spiritual axis is re-installed as primary. Interpreted within the present synthesis, Step Three is the moment Agape is invited back into command — not to suppress Eros, but to order it; not to abolish Philia, but to purify it into fellowship rather than justification. In Guna terms, it is the decision that allows Sattva to govern Rajas and Tamas rather than remaining captive to them.

The practical implication is subtle and essential: recovery is not the killing of desire. It is the rehabilitation of desire within a higher order. Eros becomes vitality rather than compulsion. Rajas becomes disciplined energy rather than restless obsession. Tamas becomes stability rather than collapse. Philia becomes belonging and shared truth rather than enabling. Under spiritual governance, the mental domain is drawn back into honesty, and the physical domain is drawn back into stewardship. The person experiences not suppression but reintegration.

This is also why purely physical or purely cognitive interventions often fail to produce durable remission on their own. Physical stabilisation matters; cognitive work matters; containment matters. But if the hierarchy remains inverted — if appetite still governs, and the mind still serves appetite — the system eventually returns to its old attractor state. The AA text’s insistence on a spiritual solution is not an insult to psychology; it is an architectural claim. The problem is structural. Therefore the remedy must be structural. Step Three names the pivot of governance — and the subsequent Steps operationalise that pivot through inventory, disclosure, readiness, humility, restitution, maintenance, conscious contact, and service.

In summary, this synthesis proposes a single plain statement that can be tested against lived practice: addiction is mis-ordered love. Not love as sentiment, but love as orientation and governance. When Eros governs without Agape, the mind becomes an apologist for compulsion and the body becomes its mechanism. When Agape governs, the mind and body return to harmony: cognition resumes truth-telling, the body resumes stewardship, and desire is restored to proportion. Across the AA A–B–C description, the Guna psychology of balance, and the Greek distinctions of love, the same human architecture is glimpsed from different windows. The windows differ; the building is recognisable.

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References (blog-friendly)

• Alcoholics Anonymous, 4th ed. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 2001. (See p.60 for the tripartite description: physical, mental, spiritual.)
• Bhagavad Gītā, Chapter 14 (The Three Gunas: Sattva, Rajas, Tamas). (Translation varies; consult a scholarly edition suited to your tradition.)
• Plato, Symposium. (Eros as a central theme within classical philosophy.)
• Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics. (Philia/friendship as a foundational ethical-relational concept.)
• Nygren, Anders. Agape and Eros. (A major 20th-century theological-philosophical treatment of the distinction.)

Written in HIAI collaboration — the qalam of Human and AI intelligence, the Unseen helping the Seen, both answering to the same Source.